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French battleship Charles Martel
The ''Charles Martel'' was a pre-dreadnought battleship of the French Navy built in the 1890s. She was laid down in April 1891, launched in August 1893, and completed in June 1897. She was a member of a group of five broadly similar battleships, along with ''Carnot'', ''Jauréguiberry'', ''Bouvet'', and ''Masséna'', which were ordered in response to the British . Like her half-sisters, she was armed with a main battery of two guns and two guns in individual turrets. She had a top speed of .
''Charles Martel'' spent her active career in the Mediterranean Squadron of the French fleet, first in the active squadron, and later in the Reserve Squadron. She regularly participated in fleet maneuvers, and in the 1901 exercises, the submarine ''Gustave Zédé'' hit her with a dummy torpedo, which was widely hailed in the press. ''Charles Martel'' was out of service by the outbreak of World War I in 1914, and so she saw no action during the conflict. She was ultimately broken up for scrap in 1922.
== Design ==
''Charles Martel'' was the first member of a group of five battleships built to a broadly similar design, but different enough to be considered unique vessels.〔Gardiner, p. 293〕 Design specifications were identical for each of the ships, but different engineers designed each vessel. The ships were based on the previous battleship ''Brennus'', but instead of mounting the main battery all on the centerline, the ships used the lozenge arrangement of the earlier vessel ''Magenta'', which moved two of the main battery guns to single turrets on the wings. The five ships were built in response to the British s.〔Ropp, p. 223〕
An earlier vessel, also named ''Charles Martel'', was laid down in 1884 and cancelled under the tenure of Admiral Théophile Aube. The vessel, along with a sister ship named ''Brennus'', was a modified version of the ironclad battleships. After Aube's retirement, the plans for the ships were entirely redesigned, though the later pair of ships are sometimes conflated with the earlier, cancelled designs.〔Ropp, p. 222〕 This may be due to the fact that both of the ships named ''Brennus'' were built in the same shipyard, and material assembled for the first vessel was used in the construction of the second.〔Brassey (1889), p. 65〕 The two pairs of ships were, nevertheless, distinct vessels.〔Gardiner, p. 283〕
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